1.5.2 Total investment return

Total return is calculated as the percentage value change plus net income accrual relative to the initial value of the asset, as recognised by the Global Investment Performance Standards or GIPS®, a voluntary standard created and administered by the CFA Institute with the purpose of providing an industry-wide framework for comparing firms' investment performance. GIPS® is based on the fundamental principles of full disclosure and fair representation of investment performance results. 

where:

 denotes the total return of the index for the period between t-1 and t.
represents an index-constituent weight (either value-weighted, capped value-weighted, or equally weighted) at time t-1.
 and  denote an index-constituent fair value expressed in the reporting currency at the end of quarter t and t-1, respectively.
 denotes an index-constituent coupon/dividend payment between quarter t and t-1 expressed in reporting currency.